伏文心bM 2014-05-29

海德堡（-{Heidelberg}-）是德國巴登-符騰堡州的城市，位於斯圖加特和法蘭克福之間。2002年城市方圓109平方千米內有人口140，000。 海德堡坐落於內卡河畔。內卡河在此處由狹窄而陡峭的 Odenwald 山谷流向萊茵河河谷，並與萊茵河在海德堡西北20千米的曼海姆交匯。著名的海德堡城堡位於高出內卡河200米的 Knigstuhl 山上，俯視狹長的海德堡老城。著名詩人歌德曾經漫步環繞城堡的公園。 海德堡是一個充滿活力的傳統和現代混合體。過去它曾是科學和藝術的中心，如今的海德堡延續傳統，在城市內和城市附近建有許多研究中心。 海德堡不僅有著引以為榮的中世紀城堡，它還擁有歐洲最古老的教育機構之一——海德堡大學。［這兒還有世界聞名的歐洲漢學中心。］曾在海德堡大學學習和工作的著名思想家有黑格爾、詮釋學哲學家伽達默爾（Hans-Georg Gadamer）、社會學家哈貝馬斯以及 the discourse philosopher 卡爾-奧托阿佩爾（Karl-Otto Apel）。 海德堡大學最重要的學生當屬1817年發明腳踏車的 Karl Drais。 Heidelberg （hī‘dlbrkh） ， city （1994 pop。 139，430）， Baden-Württemberg， SW Germany， picturesquely situated on the Neckar River。 Manufactures include machinery， precision instruments， leather goods， and tobacco and wood products。 Most important to Heidelberg， however， is the tourism industry。 Primarily focused on the Heidelberg Castle， the trade brings in several million visitors per year。 Heidelberg was first mentioned in the 12th cent。 In 1225 it was acquired by the count palatine of the Rhine and until 1720 was the residence of the electors palatine （see Palatinate）。 The Univ。 of Heidelberg （Ruprecht-Karl-Universitt） was founded in 1386 by Elector Rupert I and is the oldest German-speaking university after those in Prague and Vienna。 It became a bulwark of the Reformation in the 16th cent。， declined after the Thirty Years War （1618–48）， and， recovering after the French Revolutionary Wars， became the leading university of 19th-century Germany。 Student life in 19th-century Heidelberg， with its duels， songs， and romance， has been much publicized。 The university’s professors have included noted theologians， the chemist R。 W。 Bunsen， and the sociologist Max Weber。 Since 1952 the city has been the headquarters of the U。S。 army in Europe。 Heidelberg is famous for its ruined castle （built mainly in the 16th and early 17th cent。）， which was largely destroyed by French troops in the late 17th cent。 In the castle‘s cellar is the Heidelberg Tun， a gigantic wine cask with a capacity of c。58，080 gal （2，200 hectoliters）。 Other points of interest in Heidelberg include the city hall （1701–03） and the Philosophenweg （Philosopher’s Way）， a path overlooking the city。 The Heidelberg Catechism was a profession of faith of the German Reformed （Calvinistic） Church， drawn up at the request of Elector Frederick III and published in 1563。 It gained wide repute and was adopted by several Reformed churches。